Observations on Ultrastructures of Eggshell and Shell Membranes of Eight Species of Galliformes

The ultrastructures of eggshells and shell membranes of eight species of Galliformes,which are Bonasa sewerzowi,Crossoptilon auritum,Ithaginis cruentus,Alectoris magna,Alectoris chukar,Perdix hodgsoniae,Tetraogallus himalayensis and Gallus dometicus,were observad by scanning electron micrograph.Among them,eggshell of P.hodgsoniae consists of cone layer and palisade layer,and absents cuticle and fissures on its surface.The outer orifices of pore canals are open.The eggshells of the others are comprised cone layer,palisade and cuticle.Their surfaces have fissures and outer orifices of pore canals are covered by membrane.The vesicles in the palisade are a structure adapted to fly.Species,which flying ability is stronger and flying speed is faster,lay eggs that density of the vesicles in eggshell is greater.